Bentonite is a type of clay that is formed from the weathering of volcanic ash. It is a highly absorbent and plastic material that is widely used in various industries.
*Properties*
1. *High absorbency*: Bentonite can absorb up to 10 times its weight in water.
2. *Plasticity*: Bentonite can be molded and shaped when mixed with water.
3. *Thixotropy*: Bentonite can change its viscosity in response to changes in pressure or agitation.
4. *Cation exchange capacity*: Bentonite has a high cation exchange capacity, which allows it to absorb and exchange ions.
*Uses*
1. *Drilling mud*: Bentonite is used as a key component in drilling mud to help lubricate and stabilize the drill bit.
2. *Foundry*: Bentonite is used as a binder in foundry applications to help hold sand grains together.
3. *Cat litter*: Bentonite is used as a key component in cat litter to help absorb moisture and odors.
4. *Cosmetics*: Bentonite is used in some cosmetics and personal care products, such as face masks and creams.
5. *Pharmaceuticals*: Bentonite is used as an excipient in some pharmaceutical applications.
6. *Wine clarification*: Bentonite is used to clarify and stabilize wine.
7. *Animal feed*: Bentonite is used as an anti-caking agent in animal feed.
*Types*
1. *Sodium bentonite*: This type of bentonite is highly absorbent and is often used in drilling mud and foundry applications.
2. *Calcium bentonite*: This type of bentonite is less absorbent than sodium bentonite but is often used in cat litter and cosmetics.
3. *Potassium bentonite*: This type of bentonite is highly absorbent and is often used in pharmaceutical and wine clarification applications.
